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Background Many children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are treated with stimulant and non-stimulant medication. ADHD medication may be associated with cardiovascular effects. It is important to identify whether mean group effects translate into clinically relevant increases for some individual patients, and/or increase the risk for serious cardiovascular adverse...
Introduction It has been suggested that uncontrolled epilepsy might not necessarily equate to drug resistance when antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are used at relatively low doses, a practice frequently observed in rural areas of China. Objective To assess the clinical benefits of further drug manipulation in this situation, we prospectively followed up the outcomes of patients with uncontrolled epilepsy...
The concept of binge drinking (BD) refers to patterns of heavy episodic alcohol consumption, with BD primarily occurring among adolescents and young adults. Several official definitions of BD have been proposed, in particular by the World Health Organization, the National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Nevertheless, none...
Most of the current therapies, as well as many of the clinical trials, for multiple sclerosis (MS) target the inflammatory autoimmune processes, but less than 20% of all clinical trials investigate potential therapies for the chronic progressive disease stage of MS. The latter is responsible for the steadily increasing disability in many patients, and there is an urgent need for novel therapies that...
Due to the heterogeneous nature of the disease, it is a challenge to capture disease activity of multiple sclerosis (MS) in a reliable and valid way. Therefore, it can be difficult to assess the true efficacy of interventions in clinical trials. In phase III trials in MS, the traditionally used primary clinical outcome measures are the Expanded Disability Status Scale and the relapse rate. Secondary...
Background A possible association between benzodiazepine use and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been hypothesized in previous studies. Objectives Using claims data from the Helsana Group, a large Swiss health insurance provider, we examined the association between previous benzodiazepine use and the risk of AD. Methods We conducted a matched case-control study and identified 1438 incident AD cases...
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